Ventajas e inconvenientes de SMILE vs LASIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71413/x1car179Palabras clave:
LASIK, SMILE, FS-LASIK, flap, lentículoResumen
Relevancia: Comparar las técnicas de cirugía refractiva laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) frente a small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), ayuda a determinar cuál de las dos técnicas tiene más ventajas y menos inconvenientes en general, y cuál puede ser más aconsejable para cada paciente específico según sus características.
Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar las ventajas e inconvenientes de LASIK y SMILE. La técnica LASIK es la más popular en el mundo, pero no exenta de complicaciones, se busca una alternativa con la técnica SMILE, aunque sus resultados en comparación con LASIK son controvertidos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Pubmed. Se encontraron 364 artículos y se seleccionaron los más recientes, que compararan uno o varios aspectos de LASIK y SMILE, resultando un total de 30 artículos. Los artículos que comparaban la eficacia y seguridad de ambas técnicas coincidieron en que LASIK y SMILE presentan una buena y similar eficacia y seguridad para la corrección de la miopía y astigmatismo miópico, pero SMILE presenta una recuperación más tardía. SMILE consiguió mejores resultados en los parámetros de ojo seco. En cuanto a la biomecánica corneal los resultados son variados, pero en general no hay diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas; lo mismo sucede con las aberraciones de alto orden, hay diversidad de resultados, pero en el total de aberraciones no se observan diferencias significativas. SMILE tiene las ventajas de evitar las complicaciones relacionadas con el flap y menor incidencia de ojo seco; pero también tiene los inconvenientes de no estar disponible para la hipermetropía, la posibilidad de complicaciones relacionadas con la extracción del lentículo, una recuperación visual más lenta y la imposibilidad de retoques utilizando la misma técnica.
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